Phenotypic variation and genetic divergence studies in Cameroonian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes

Mariette Anoumaa; Eric Bertrand Kouam; Gabriel Kanmegne; Yanick Borel Kamga; Hervé Djomo Sime; Lisette Laure Chimi Nkombo; Théophile Fonkou

doi:10.7324/JABB.2023.110130

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Abstract

Potato production in Cameroon is low and far from satisfying the demand. To enhance crop productivity, genetic improvement uses a phenotype-based selection strategy to choose parents based on their performance. Seventeen potato descriptors and six quantitative traits were used to determine the phenotypic variability and estimate genetic divergence among 138 potato accessions collected from farmers’ fields in Cameroon. Accessions were grown during the rainy season under Dschang ecological conditions from September to November 2016 and March to May 2017. The relative index of phenotypic diversity estimated on the 17 qualitative traits using the relative diversity index of Shannon and Weaver was high (0.71) indicating high phenotypic diversity of the tested collection. Cluster analysis performed on dissimilarity estimates using the Euclidian distance revealed two main clusters; one showed the highest total tuber yield, whereas the other showed the highest dry matter content and included the indigenous genotypes. All the quantitative traits had high heritability. High genetic coefficients of variation and high heritability together with high genetic advance were observed for total tuber yield, total tuber number, plant height, and mean stem number. These traits can be used for breeding.

Keyword: Solanum tuberosum morphological traits cluster analysis heritability genetic advance

Citation:

Anoumaa M, Kouam EB, Kanmegne G, Kamga YB, Sime HD, Nkombo LLC, et al. Phenotypic variation and genetic divergence studies in Cameroonian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. J Appl Biol Biotech, 2023;11(01):210–221. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2023.110130

Copyright: Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

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Reference

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9. Jain SK, Qualset CO, Bhatt GM, Wu KK. Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity in a world collection of Durum wheats 1. Crop Sci 1975;15(5):700-4. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1975.0011183X001500050026x
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13. Moll RH, Stuber CW. Quantitative genetics-empirical results relevant to plant breeding. Adv Agron 1974;26(C):277-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60874-3
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21. Bassil NV, Gunn M, Folta K, Lewers K. Microsatellite markers for Fragaria from "Strawberry Festival" expressed sequence tags. Mol Ecol Notes 2006;6(2):473-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01278.x
22. Mishra P, Singh AK, Singh OP. Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis in gladiolus. J Agric Vet Sci 2014;7(7):23-6. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07722326
23. Wolie A, Dessalegn T, Belete K. Heritability, variance components and genetic advance of some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian collections of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. genotypes. African J Biotechnol 2013;12(36):5529-34.
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25. Singh BD. Plant breeding principles and methods. 4th edition, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 645 p, 1990.
26. Yildirim MB, Caliskan CF. Genotype x environment interactions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Am Potato J 1985;62:371-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855608
27. Patil YB, Madalageri BB, Biradar B, Hosamani R, Patil G. Variability studies in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench. Karnataka J Agric Sci 1996;9(2):289-93.
28. Bello OB, Ige SA, Azeez MA, Afolabi MS, Abdulmaliq SY, Mahamood J. Heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and its component characters in Maize (Zea Mays L.). Int J Plant Res 2012;2(5):138-45.
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1. Devaux A, Goffart JP, Petsakos A, Kromann P, Gatto M, Okello J, et al. Global food security, contributions from sustainable potato agri-food systems. In: Campos H, Ortiz O (eds.). The potato crop: its agricultural, nutritional and social contribution to humankind, Springer International Publishing, New York, NY, pp 3-35, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28683-5_1

2. Beals KA. Potatoes, nutrition and health. Am J potato Res 2019;96:102-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-09705-4

3. World Potato Atlas. The potato food: Cameroon history and overview. World Potato Atlas, 2021.

4. Yengoh GT, Ardö J. Crop yield gaps in Cameroon. Ambio 2014;43(2):175-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0428-0

5. Njualem DK, Demo P, Mendoza HA, Koi JT, Nana SF. Reactions of some potato genotypes to late blight in Cameroon. African Crop Sci J 2001;9(1):209-13. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v9i1.27641

6. Binodh AK, Manivannan N, Varman PV. Character association and path analysis in sunflower. Madras Agric J 2008;95(7/12):425-8.

7. Anoumaa M, Kanmegne G, Kouam EB, Amzati GS, Yao NK, Fonkou T, et al. Characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes from the Western Highlands Region of Cameroon using morphological and agronomic traits. J Plant Sci 2016;4(6):185-94.

8. Kakeeto R, Baguma SD, Subire R, Kaheru J, Karungi E, Biruma M. Genetic variation and heritability of kernel physical quality traits and their association with selected agronomic traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) genotypes from Uganda. African J Agric Res 2019;14(10):597-603. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2018.13789

9. Jain SK, Qualset CO, Bhatt GM, Wu KK. Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity in a world collection of Durum wheats 1. Crop Sci 1975;15(5):700-4. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1975.0011183X001500050026x

10. Balkaya A, Özbakir M, Kurtar ES. The phenotypic diversity and fruit characterization of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) populations from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. African J Biotechnol 2010;9(2):152-62.

11. VSN International. Genstat for Windows. 21st edition, VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK, 2020.

12. Ozturk G, Yildirim Z. Heritability estimates of some quantitative traits in Potatoes. Turkish J F Crop 2014;19(2):262-7. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.66538

13. Moll RH, Stuber CW. Quantitative genetics-empirical results relevant to plant breeding. Adv Agron 1974;26(C):277-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60874-3

14. Singh RK, Chaudhary BD. Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis [Internet]. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 57 p, 1977 Available via https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search. do?recordID=US201300553084 (Accessed 13 March 2021)

15. Kooman PL. Yielding ability of potato crops as influenced by temperature and daylength. Landbouw University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 1995.

16. Ingram KT, McCloud DE. Simulation of potato crop growth and development. Crop Sci 1984;24(1):21-7. Available via https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2135/ cropsci1984.0011183X002400010006x (Accessed 13 March 2021) https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400010006x

17. Al Khanjari S, Filatenko AA, Hammer K, Buerkert A. Morphological spike diversity of Omani wheat. Genet Resour Crop Evol 2008;55(8):1185-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9319-9

18. Eticha F, Bekele E, Belay G, Börner A. Phenotypic diversity in tetraploid wheats collected from Bale and Wello regions of Ethiopia. Plant Genet Resour 2005;3(1):35-43. https://doi.org/10.1079/PGR200457

19. Regassa D, Basavaraj N. Genetic variability studies in potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.). Karnataka J Agric Sci. 2005;18(1):87-90.

20. Asefa G, Mohammed W, Abebe T. Genetic variability studies in potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) genotypes in Bale Highlands, South Eastern Ethiopia. J Biol Agric Healthc 2016;6(3):117-9.

21. Bassil NV, Gunn M, Folta K, Lewers K. Microsatellite markers for Fragaria from "Strawberry Festival" expressed sequence tags. Mol Ecol Notes 2006;6(2):473-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01278.x

22. Mishra P, Singh AK, Singh OP. Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis in gladiolus. J Agric Vet Sci 2014;7(7):23-6. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07722326

23. Wolie A, Dessalegn T, Belete K. Heritability, variance components and genetic advance of some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian collections of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. genotypes. African J Biotechnol 2013;12(36):5529-34.

24. Robinson HF, Comstock RE, Harvey PH. Estimates of heritability and the degree of dominance in corn. Agron J 1949;41(8):353-9. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1949.00021962004100080005x

25. Singh BD. Plant breeding principles and methods. 4th edition, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 645 p, 1990.

26. Yildirim MB, Caliskan CF. Genotype x environment interactions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Am Potato J 1985;62:371-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855608

27. Patil YB, Madalageri BB, Biradar B, Hosamani R, Patil G. Variability studies in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench. Karnataka J Agric Sci 1996;9(2):289-93.

28. Bello OB, Ige SA, Azeez MA, Afolabi MS, Abdulmaliq SY, Mahamood J. Heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and its component characters in Maize (Zea Mays L.). Int J Plant Res 2012;2(5):138-45.

29. Wera B, Yalu A, Ramakrishna A, Deros M. Genotypic variability estimates of agronomic traits for selection in a sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) polycross population in Papua New Guinea. J plant Breed Genet 2014;02(03):131-6.

30. Shabanimofrad M, Rafii MY, Megat Wahab PE, Biabani AR, Latif MA. Phenotypic, genotypic and genetic divergence found in 48 newly collected Malaysian accessions of Jatropha curcas L. Ind Crops Prod 2013;42(1):543-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.023

31. Sattar MA, Sultana N, Hossain MM, Rashid MH, Islam AKMA. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Bangladesh J Plant Breed Genet 2007;20(1):33-8. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17023

32. Eid MH. Estimation of heritability and genetic advance of yield traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought condition. Int J Genet Mol Biol 2009;1(7):115-20.

33. Mishra SP, Taraphder S, Roy M, Sarkar U, Datta S, Saikhom R, et al. Breeding techniques to exploit non-additive gene action for improvement of Livestock. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci 2017;6(August):126-34.

34. Sardana S, Mahjan R, Gautam N, Ram B. Genetic variability in pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for utilization. SABRAO J Breed Genet 2007;39:31-41.