Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Precocene II, estimation of enzymatic, nonenzymatic antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of methyl jasmonate-elicited shoot culture of Ageratum conyzoides Linn.

Selvaraj Vasantharani; Ramaraj Thirugnanasampandan; Gunasekaran Bhuvaneswari

doi:10.7324/JABB.2023.110114

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Abstract

Ageratum conyzoides Linn. is well known for its insecticidal properties due to the rich content of chromenes. The work mainly concentrated on the increased production of Precocene II from methyl jasmonate (MeJa)- elicited shoot culture. The MS medium supplemented with 4.6 µM kinetin-induced multiple shoots was subjected to MeJa (100 µM) treatment for 10 days. Gas chromatography-MS report showed almost twofold increased production of Precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-chromene) (29.92%) in elicited culture over control (13.44%). Likewise, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the elicited shoot culture also reported to have a high amount of Precocene II (13.5 ± 0.007 µg/mg) when compared with the control (4 ± 0.002 µg/mg). The increased level of antioxidant enzymes was observed in the elicited shoot culture. Followed by pure compound, Precocene II and methanol extract of elicited shoot culture exhibited better in vitro antioxidant activity and considerable cytotoxic activity on HeLa (cervical cancer) cells when compared with control. Overall, MeJa-elicited shoot culture had more of Precocene II and better biological activity.

Keyword: Ageratum conyzoides antioxidant enzymes cytotoxic activity in vitro antioxidant methyl jasmonate Precocene II shoot culture

Citation:

Vasantharani S, Thirugnanasampandan R, Bhuvaneswari G. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Precocene II, estimation of enzymatic, nonenzymatic antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of methyl jasmonate-elicited shoot culture of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. J Appl BiolBiotech, 2023; 11(01):93–99. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2023.110114

Copyright: Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

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Reference

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2. Igoli J O, Ogaji OG, Tor-Anyiin TA, Igoli NP. Traditional medicine practice amongst the Igede people of Nigeria. Part II Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2005;2:134-52. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v2i2.31112
3. Nyunai N, Njikam N, Mounier C, Pastoureau P. Blood glucose lowering effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2006;3:76-9. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v3i3.31168
4. Okwori A, Dina C, Junaid S, Okeke J, Adetunji J, Olabode A. Antibacterial activities of Ageratum conyzoides extracts on selected bacterial pathogens. Inter J Microbiol 2007;4:1937-49. https://doi.org/10.5580/fce
5. Kong CH. Ecological pest management and control by using allelopathic weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Ambrosia trifida, and Lantana camara) and their allelochemicals in China. Weed Biol Manag 2010;10:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00373.x
6. Abdelkader MS, Lockwood GB. Volatile oils from the plant and hairy root cultures of Ageratum conyzoides L. Nat Prod Res 2011;25:909-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.531724
7. Bosi CF, Rosa DW, Grougnet R, Lemonakis N, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL. Biavatti pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal tea of Ageratum conyzoides. Braz J Pharmacogn 2013;23:425-32. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2013005000028
8. Liu XC, Liu ZL. Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. Aerial parts and its major constituents against Aedes albopictus. J Entomol Zool Stud 2014;2:345-50.
9. Kumar B, Srivastava S, Rawat AKS. Intra-specific variation of precocene I in wild population of Ageratum conyzoides L. From Western Himalayas. JPC-J Planar Chromat Mod TLC 2015;28:391-4. https://doi.org/10.1556/1006.2015.28.5.8
10. Ajith KG, Amol BT, Kumar R, Gupta S, Sharma AK, Nagar G, et al. Chemoprofiling and bioassay of phytoextracts from Ageratum conyzoides for acaricidal properties against Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and buffaloes in India. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016;7:342-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.005
11. Kumar B, Misra A, Kumar S, Rawat AK, Rawat YS, Ghosh S, et al. Antitick potential and chemical variability among Ageratum conyzoides L. germplasms collected from Eastern and Western Ghats of India. Int J Acarol 2019;45:488-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2019.1677772
12. Ndacnou MK, Pantaleon A, Tchinda JB, Mangapche EL, Keumedjio F, Boyoguemo DB. Phytochemical study and antioomycete activity of Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus. Ind Crops Prod 2020;153:112589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112589
13. Tarrant C, Cupp EW, Bowers WS. The effects of Precocene II on reproduction and development of triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982;31:416-20. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.416
14. Iqbal MCM, Jayasasinghe ULB, Herath HMT, Wiljesekara KB, Fujimoto Y. A fungistatic chromene from Ageratum conyzoides. Phytoparasitica 2004;32:119-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979776
15. Adebayo AH, Zeng GZ, Zhang YM, Ji CJ, Akindahunsi AA, Tan NH. Toxicological evaluation of Precocene II isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) in Sprague Dawley rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:2938-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600914
16. Nogueira JH, Goncalez E, Galleti SR, Facanali R, Marques MO, Felício JD. Ageratum conyzoides essential oil as aflatoxin suppressor of Aspergillus flavus. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;137:55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.017
17. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Planta 1962;15:473-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
18. Largia MJV, Pothiraj G, Shilpha J, Ramesh M. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid synergism enhances bacoside A content in shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.). Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 2015;12:9-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0745-z
19. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 3rd edition, Allured Publication Corporation,Carol Stream, IL, 1995.
20. Barros FMC, Almeida PC, Scopel R, Lucas AM, Bordignon SAL, Cassel E, et al. Chromenes from Ageratum conyzoides: steam distillation, supercritical extraction, and mathematical modelling. Separat Sci Technol 2015;51:307-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2015.1086798
21. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
22. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP. Ultraviolet-B-radiation and ozone-induced biochemical changes in the antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 1996;110:125-36. 23. Kar M, Mishra D. Catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 1976;57:315-9. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.57.2.315
24. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1971;10:276-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
25. Mannervik B. The isozymes of glutathione transferase. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 1985;57:357-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123034.ch5
26. Tauchen J, Doskocil I, Caffi C, Lulekal E, Marsik P, Havlik J, et al. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Ethiopian medicinal plant extracts. Ind Crops Prod 2015;74:671-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.068
27. Chew YL, Goh JK, Lim YY. Assessment of in vitro antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic composition of selected medicinal herbs from Leguminosae family in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chem 2009;116:13-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.091
28. Mukhopadhyay D, Dasgupta P, Roy DS, Palchoudhuri S, Chatterjee I, Ali S, et al. A sensitive in vitro spectrophotometric hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay using 1,10-phenanthroline. Free Radic Antioxid 2016;6:124-32. https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2016.1.15
29. Choi B, Kang S, Ha Y, Park G, Ackman RG. Conjugated linoleic acid as a supplemental nutrient for common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Food Sci Biotechnol 2002;11:457-61.
30. Aruoma OI. Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1994;32:671-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)90011-6
31. Lau CB, Ho CY, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on human leukemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Life Sci 2004;75:797- 808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.001
32. Joshi M, Dhar U. In vitro propagation of Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew-an endangered ethnoreligious medicinal herb of Himalaya. Plant Cell Rep 2003;21:933-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0601-1
33. Shekhawat MS, Manokari M. Efficient in vitro propagation by ex vitro rooting methods of Artemisia absinthium L., an ethnobotanically important plant. Chinese J Biol 2015;2015:1-8. Article ID 273405. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/273405
34. Singh DK, Nirwan S, Babbar SB. Micropropagation of Anacyclus pyrethrum and chemical profiling of the regenerated plants for pellitorine, the active principle. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 2015;122:249-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0755-x
35. Panwar GS, Joshi B. Micropropagation of Tricholepis roylei Hook. F.-a point endemic species of the Western Himalaya. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020;18:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00051-9
36. Ali MB, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation induces ginsenosides accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant in suspension culture Panax ginseng roots in bioreactors. Plant Cell Rep 2006;25:613-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0065-6
37. Hung KT, Yi TH, Kao CH. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in methyl jasmonateinduced senescence of rice leaves. Physiol Plant 2006;127:293-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00662.x
38. Mur LA, Kenton P, Atzorn R, Miersch O, Wasternack C. The outcomes of concentration-specific interactions between salicylate and jasmonate signaling include synergy, antagonism, and oxidative stress leading to cell death. Plant Physiol 2006;140:249-62. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.072348
39. Zhang M, Zhang H, Li H, Lai F, Li X, Tang Y, et al. Antioxidant mechanism of betaine without free radical scavenging ability. J Agri Food Chem 2016;64:7921-30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03592

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1.Okunade AL. Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). Fitoterapia 2002;73:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00364-1

2. Igoli J O, Ogaji OG, Tor-Anyiin TA, Igoli NP. Traditional medicine practice amongst the Igede people of Nigeria. Part II Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2005;2:134-52. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v2i2.31112

3. Nyunai N, Njikam N, Mounier C, Pastoureau P. Blood glucose lowering effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2006;3:76-9. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v3i3.31168

4. Okwori A, Dina C, Junaid S, Okeke J, Adetunji J, Olabode A. Antibacterial activities of Ageratum conyzoides extracts on selected bacterial pathogens. Inter J Microbiol 2007;4:1937-49. https://doi.org/10.5580/fce

5. Kong CH. Ecological pest management and control by using allelopathic weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Ambrosia trifida, and Lantana camara) and their allelochemicals in China. Weed Biol Manag 2010;10:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00373.x

6. Abdelkader MS, Lockwood GB. Volatile oils from the plant and hairy root cultures of Ageratum conyzoides L. Nat Prod Res 2011;25:909-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.531724

7. Bosi CF, Rosa DW, Grougnet R, Lemonakis N, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL. Biavatti pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal tea of Ageratum conyzoides. Braz J Pharmacogn 2013;23:425-32. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2013005000028

8. Liu XC, Liu ZL. Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. Aerial parts and its major constituents against Aedes albopictus. J Entomol Zool Stud 2014;2:345-50.

9. Kumar B, Srivastava S, Rawat AKS. Intra-specific variation of precocene I in wild population of Ageratum conyzoides L. From Western Himalayas. JPC-J Planar Chromat Mod TLC 2015;28:391-4. https://doi.org/10.1556/1006.2015.28.5.8

10. Ajith KG, Amol BT, Kumar R, Gupta S, Sharma AK, Nagar G, et al. Chemoprofiling and bioassay of phytoextracts from Ageratum conyzoides for acaricidal properties against Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and buffaloes in India. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016;7:342-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.005

11. Kumar B, Misra A, Kumar S, Rawat AK, Rawat YS, Ghosh S, et al. Antitick potential and chemical variability among Ageratum conyzoides L. germplasms collected from Eastern and Western Ghats of India. Int J Acarol 2019;45:488-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2019.1677772

12. Ndacnou MK, Pantaleon A, Tchinda JB, Mangapche EL, Keumedjio F, Boyoguemo DB. Phytochemical study and antioomycete activity of Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus. Ind Crops Prod 2020;153:112589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112589

13. Tarrant C, Cupp EW, Bowers WS. The effects of Precocene II on reproduction and development of triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982;31:416-20. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.416

14. Iqbal MCM, Jayasasinghe ULB, Herath HMT, Wiljesekara KB, Fujimoto Y. A fungistatic chromene from Ageratum conyzoides. Phytoparasitica 2004;32:119-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979776

15. Adebayo AH, Zeng GZ, Zhang YM, Ji CJ, Akindahunsi AA, Tan NH. Toxicological evaluation of Precocene II isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) in Sprague Dawley rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:2938-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600914

16. Nogueira JH, Goncalez E, Galleti SR, Facanali R, Marques MO, Felício JD. Ageratum conyzoides essential oil as aflatoxin suppressor of Aspergillus flavus. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;137:55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.017

17. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Planta 1962;15:473-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x

18. Largia MJV, Pothiraj G, Shilpha J, Ramesh M. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid synergism enhances bacoside A content in shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.). Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 2015;12:9-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0745-z

19. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 3rd edition, Allured Publication Corporation,Carol Stream, IL, 1995.

20. Barros FMC, Almeida PC, Scopel R, Lucas AM, Bordignon SAL, Cassel E, et al. Chromenes from Ageratum conyzoides: steam distillation, supercritical extraction, and mathematical modelling. Separat Sci Technol 2015;51:307-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2015.1086798

21. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6

22. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP. Ultraviolet-B-radiation and ozone-induced biochemical changes in the antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 1996;110:125-36. 23. Kar M, Mishra D. Catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 1976;57:315-9. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.57.2.315

24. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1971;10:276-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8

25. Mannervik B. The isozymes of glutathione transferase. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 1985;57:357-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123034.ch5

26. Tauchen J, Doskocil I, Caffi C, Lulekal E, Marsik P, Havlik J, et al. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Ethiopian medicinal plant extracts. Ind Crops Prod 2015;74:671-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.068

27. Chew YL, Goh JK, Lim YY. Assessment of in vitro antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic composition of selected medicinal herbs from Leguminosae family in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chem 2009;116:13-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.091

28. Mukhopadhyay D, Dasgupta P, Roy DS, Palchoudhuri S, Chatterjee I, Ali S, et al. A sensitive in vitro spectrophotometric hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay using 1,10-phenanthroline. Free Radic Antioxid 2016;6:124-32. https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2016.1.15

29. Choi B, Kang S, Ha Y, Park G, Ackman RG. Conjugated linoleic acid as a supplemental nutrient for common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Food Sci Biotechnol 2002;11:457-61.

30. Aruoma OI. Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1994;32:671-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)90011-6

31. Lau CB, Ho CY, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on human leukemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Life Sci 2004;75:797- 808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.001

32. Joshi M, Dhar U. In vitro propagation of Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew-an endangered ethnoreligious medicinal herb of Himalaya. Plant Cell Rep 2003;21:933-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0601-1

33. Shekhawat MS, Manokari M. Efficient in vitro propagation by ex vitro rooting methods of Artemisia absinthium L., an ethnobotanically important plant. Chinese J Biol 2015;2015:1-8. Article ID 273405. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/273405

34. Singh DK, Nirwan S, Babbar SB. Micropropagation of Anacyclus pyrethrum and chemical profiling of the regenerated plants for pellitorine, the active principle. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 2015;122:249-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0755-x

35. Panwar GS, Joshi B. Micropropagation of Tricholepis roylei Hook. F.-a point endemic species of the Western Himalaya. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020;18:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00051-9

36. Ali MB, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation induces ginsenosides accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant in suspension culture Panax ginseng roots in bioreactors. Plant Cell Rep 2006;25:613-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0065-6

37. Hung KT, Yi TH, Kao CH. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in methyl jasmonateinduced senescence of rice leaves. Physiol Plant 2006;127:293-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00662.x

38. Mur LA, Kenton P, Atzorn R, Miersch O, Wasternack C. The outcomes of concentration-specific interactions between salicylate and jasmonate signaling include synergy, antagonism, and oxidative stress leading to cell death. Plant Physiol 2006;140:249-62. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.072348

39. Zhang M, Zhang H, Li H, Lai F, Li X, Tang Y, et al. Antioxidant mechanism of betaine without free radical scavenging ability. J Agri Food Chem 2016;64:7921-30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03592