Objectives: Cultivated morels have still not replaced wild morels. Thus, wild-harvested morels are one of the most valuable forest products in the global market. Many researchers have discussed why morels are difficult and expensive to culture and investigated cheaper to grow morels. Material and methods: In this study, we researched optimal living conditions for morels using an artificial inexpensive method. We used different substrates, such as peat, potato crust, rice hulls, wheat, sawdust, and chestnut crust, to produce Morchella pre-sclerotia. Results and Conclusions: We determined mycelial growth using the colony diameter method and Morchella nutrient-primed prepared by using only peat and its mixtures with potato crust, rice hulls, wheat, sawdust and chestnut crust in different ratios after removing the spores. The results show that the pre-sclerotial time was accelerated using cheap substrates and that a sclerotia kit could be developed.
Eliuz EAE, Goksen G, Morel Culture Study Part I: Morchela sp. mycelial growth and nutrient-primed mycelia. J App Biol Biotech. 2017; 5 (01): 066-069. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2017.50111
1. Thompson VV. Morel: a lifetime pursuit, Glencoe, MO: Missouri Mycological Society; 1994.
2. Wedin M, Döring H, Gilenstam G. Saprotrophy and lichenization as options for the same fungal species on different substrata: environmental plasticity and fungal lifestyles in the Stictis-Conotrema complex. New Phytologist. 2004;164: 459-465.
3. Kuo M. Morels. MI: University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor; 2005.
4. Weber NS. A morel hunter’s companion: a guide to the true and false morels of Michigan. MI: TwoPeninsula Press, Lansing; 1988.
5. Kuo M. When and where morels grow. http://www. mushroomexpert.com/morels/whenwhere.html.; 2002.
6. Kaul TN. Studies of the genus Morchella in Jammu and Kashmir I. Soil composition in relation to carpophore development. Bulletin of the Botantical Society of Bengal. 1975; 29: 127-134.
7. O’Donnell KO, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, Trappe JM. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analyses. Mycologia 1997; 89(1): 48-65.
8. Volk TJ, Leonard TJ. Cytology of the life-cycle of Morchella. Mycol Res. 1990; 94: 399-406.
9. Stott KG, Mohammed C. Specialty mushroom production systems: maitake and morels. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Australian; 2004.
10. Buscot F. Field observations on growth and development of Morchella rotunda and Mitrophora semilibera in relation to forest soil temperature. Canadian Journal of Botany. 1989; 67: 589-593.
11. Kaul TN. Recent developments in morel biology. In: Rai, R.D.; Dhar, B.L.; Verma, R.N., eds. Advances in mushroom biology and production. Solan, India: Mycological Society of India; 1997: 59-81.
12. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. Introductory mycology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4th ed. New York; 1996.
13. Philippoussis A, Balis C. Studies on the morphogenesis of sclerotia and subterranean mycelial network of ascocarps in Morchella species. In: Elliott, T.J., ed. Science and cultivation of edible fungi; Proceedings of the 14th international congress on the science and cultivation of edible fungi. Oxford, England; Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema: 1995; 847-855.
14. Stamets P. Mycelium running: how mushrooms can help save the world. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley. 2005; p 340.
15. Singh SK, Kamal S, Tiwari M, Rai RD, Upadhyay RC. Myco-ecological studies of natural morel bearing sites in Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh, India. Micologia Aplicada International 2004; 16(1): 1-6.
16. Pilz D, Weber NS, Carter MC, Parks CG, Molina R. Productivity and diversity of morel mushrooms in healthy, burned and insect-damaged forests of northeastern Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management. 2004; 198: 367-386
17. Buscot F. Mycelial differentation of Morchella esculenta in pure culture. Mycol Res. 1993; 97(2): 136-140.
18. Pilz D, McLain R, Alexander S, Villarreal-Ruiz L, Berch S, Wurtz TL, Parks CG, McFarlane E, Baker B, Molina R, Smith JE. Ecology and Management of Morels Harvested From the Forests of Western North America. General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 2007.
19. Stamets P. Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. Ten speed Press, Berkeley, Calif. 1993.
20. Ower RD, Mills GL, Malachowski JA. Cultivation of Morchella U.S. Patent No: 4,594,809. 1986.
21. Guler P, Ozkaya EG. Sclerotia structure of Morchella conica in agar media with different carbohydrates. Acta Alimentaria. 2008; 37 (3): 347-357.
22. Claudia S, Anca G, Cristiana R, Ion VP, Gabriela B, Lulian B. Studies Concerning the Accumulation of Minerals and Heavy Metals in Fruiting Bodies of Wild Mushrooms. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2010; 1387:282-287.
23. Zhu F, Qu L, Fan W. Assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from Yunnan Province, China. Environ Monitor Assess. 2011; 179 (1-4): 191-199.
24. Nevcihan G, Cengiz S, Mustafa C, Halil SM. Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids of seven Morchella species. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47:2381-2388.
25. Amir R, Levanon D, Hadar Y, Chet I. Morphology and physiology of Morchella esculenta during sclerotial formation. Mycol Res. 1993; 97: 683-689.
26. Sharma BM, Sud D, Singh BM. Production of Sclerotial Spawn fort he Cultivation of Morchella esculenta. Proc.Indian natn. Sci Acad. 1994; 6: 647-654.
27. Guler P, Bozcuk S, Mutlu F, Sorkun K. Propolis effect on Sclerotial Formations of Morchella conica Pers Pak J Bot. 2005; 37(4): 1015-1022.
Year
Month